What's the tech inside the touchscreen MacBook Pro's 'PROLED XDR' screen? We explain all

Apple has unveiled its first OLED MacBook Pro laptops, and that means we've got a new bit of display branding: PROLED XDR. You can have the laptop in 14-inch or 16-inch variants, pre-orders are open now for shipping on or after the 6th of November — and we've gone hands-on with them. Literally, because they're also the first touchscreen Macs.

The name 'PROLED XDR' is a new piece of jargon that Apple's debuting with this machine. So what actually is it?

The short answer is that it's a 'Tandem OLED' panel, which means that it uses multiple layers of organic light-emitting diodes — in this case, two layers. Two OLED layers are better than one because the result is considerably brighter than a single-layer OLED: you literally have two OLEDs firing per pixel. It also boosts longevity, because each of the two layers doesn't have to work as hard, so they have a longer lifespan and are more likely to avoid burn-in.

Apple has stayed away from OLED for its MacBook Pro displays in the past, and clearly that's changed. According to Apple that's because PROLED XDR "finally" overcomes the traditional limitations of OLED: low and variable brightness, off-axis color shift and the risk of burn-in from displaying the same interface elements, such as toolbars and palettes, whenever the screen is on.

The confusing thing, however, is that this isn't Apple's first use of Tandem OLED. It used the technology in its shift to OLED in the iPad Pro, but those aren't branded as PROLED XDR. Those are called 'Ultra Retina XDR' displays.

So let's look at the performance differences listed by Apple that put the 'pro' in PROLED.

(Image credit: Apple)

What's so special about PROLED XDR displays

The Tandem OLED inside the new MacBook Pros is very bright, delivering up to 2,000 nits of peak HDR brightness (ie, in a small area of the screen for a short time) and up to 1,000 nits of sustained fullscreen brightness (ie, across the entire screen at once, without having to dim quickly).

The iPad Pro (2025)'s display is also capable of 1,000 nits of fullscreen brightness, but has a rated peak brightness of 1,600 nits — so the MacBook Pro is 25% brighter. That will bring a nice extra boost to clarity in bright HDR scenes, but won't make a huge difference really — the fullscreen brightness is the most important factor, and that's the same on both.

Because it's OLED, it gives you the blackest of black tones — there's no backlight to leak light into areas it shouldn't go — and a very high contrast ratio, in this case 10,000,000:1. That again is an interesting difference from the iPad Pro, which has a claimed contrast ratio of 2,000,000:1.

Why a 5x difference if the brightness is only 25% different? Apple hasn't explicitly said, but it must come down the lowest level of brightness that can be measured on the screen. Doing the math on the iPad's 1,600-nit display with a 2,000,000:1 ratio gives us a lowest brightness of 0.0008 nits. On the PROLED XDR's display, a 2,000-nit panel with a 10,000,000 contrast ratio gives us a lowest brightness of 0.0002 nits.

We can assume this is down to the new panel design, aimed at "minimizing internal reflections common in traditional OLED designs" — so less light is reflected within the panel itself, which could be the difference between those two different black levels.

But if you're looking at 0.0008 nits and 0.0002 nits and thinking the difference must be indistinguishable, then… yes, correct. They will both appear totally black to the human eye when they're supposed to. But it produces a big difference in contrast ratio, because multiplication is overdramatic.

How much more black could this be? The answer is none (Image credit: Lance Ulanoff / Future)

There are other indications that the MacBook Pro's PROLED XDR display might beat the iPad Pro's in other areas. Apple says it can achieve over 80% of the BT.2020 color gamut, which suggest it's likely to hit close to 100% of the DCI-P3 color gamut — the iPad Pro was measured by our lab at around 82% of DCI-P3, so that would be a clear jump here.

The screen is powered by a display engine that's been built into the M5 Pro and M5 Max chips, which Apple says "continuously compensates each pixel for content, usage, temperature, and ambient conditions".

Refresh rates are variable from 10Hz to 120Hz (with discrete options for film-makers: 47.95Hz, 48Hz, 50Hz, and 59.94Hz), and as we've seen with other Apple products there's a nano-texture glass option for people who'll be working in overly bright environments.

The big selling point here is reference monitor accuracy that you can take wherever you go, making these MacBook Pros ideal for video pros and mobile creatives of all kinds.

So do you need it? If you're making the next Wildwood — go see this movie, it's incredible — or working with high-res, high-quality video then these are by far the best Mac mobile laptops that Apple has ever made. But I suspect most of them will end up with people who aren't video pros, but who really like really good displays. I'd love to see Cyberpunk 2077 on one of these.

If you're technically minded Apple has put together a full technical paper on the new displays, and you can read it right here.

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NYT Strands hints and answers for Wednesday, October 28 (game #969)

Looking for a different day?

A new NYT Strands puzzle appears at midnight each day for your time zone – which means that some people are always playing 'today's game' while others are playing 'yesterday's'. If you're looking for Tuesday's puzzle instead then click here: NYT Strands hints and answers for Tuesday, October 27 (game #968).

Strands is the NYT's latest word game after the likes of Wordle, Spelling Bee and Connections – and it's great fun. It can be difficult, though, so read on for my Strands hints.

Want more word-based fun? Then check out my NYT Connections today and Quordle today pages for hints and answers for those games, and Marc's Wordle today page for the original viral word game.

SPOILER WARNING: Information about NYT Strands today is below, so don't read on if you don't want to know the answers.

NYT Strands today (game #969) - hint #1 - today's theme

What is the theme of today's NYT Strands?

• Today's NYT Strands theme is… Comedy club

NYT Strands today (game #969) - hint #2 - clue words

Play any of these words to unlock the in-game hints system.

• CHESS
• TEAK
• SKIN
• SCRUB
• NECK
• PLATE

NYT Strands today (game #969) - hint #3 - spangram letters

How many letters are in today's spangram?

• Spangram has 13 letters

NYT Strands today (game #969) - hint #4 - spangram position

What are two sides of the board that today's spangram touches?

• First side: bottom, 5th column

• Last side: top, 2nd column

Right, the answers are below, so DO NOT SCROLL ANY FURTHER IF YOU DON'T WANT TO SEE THEM.

NYT Strands today (game #969) - the answers

(Image credit: New York Times)

The answers to today's Strands, game #969, are…

• FARCE
• SKETCH
• IMPROV
• SLAPSTICK
• BURLESQUE
• SPANGRAM: FUNNYBUSINESS

• My rating: Easy
• My score: Perfect

Being a comedian is hard work and possibly the hardest part of the FUNNYBUSINESS is people expecting you to be “funny” 24 hours a day no matter what the situation.

For some comedians that’s easy, because their act is essentially an extension of their personality — but for many who craft and perfect their routines and persona it can all be something of a strain; that’s why you’ll often hear people complaining about comics being really grumpy or miserable in real life, when the only evidence they have to go on is when they stood next to them at an airport.

Anyhow, I digress. After spotting FARCE pretty early on I knew we were looking for comedy genres, although despite this I still labored over SLAPSTICK (or stickslap as I initially attempted).

Yesterday's NYT Strands answers (Tuesday, October 27, game #968)

• ANTS
• RATS
• MICE
• COCKROACHES
• TICKS
• TERMITES
• SPANGRAM: EXTERMINATOR

What is NYT Strands?

Strands is the NYT's not-so-new-any-more word game, following Wordle and Connections. It's now a fully fledged member of the NYT's games stable that has been running for a year and which can be played on the NYT Games site on desktop or mobile.

I've got a full guide to how to play NYT Strands, complete with tips for solving it, so check that out if you're struggling to beat it each day.

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Watch out — that Microsoft Teams chat might be hackers impersonating your IT support

• Attackers flood inboxes with spam, then impersonate IT support through Microsoft Teams messages and calls
• Victims are tricked into sharing remote access via Quick Assist, AnyDesk, or ScreenConnect
• Researchers observed 400+ incidents, warning default Teams federation settings enable the social-engineering campaign

Cybersecurity researchers Arctic Wolf have warned of an ongoing, widespread hacking campaign that includes an email inbox flooded with spam messages, a Teams account impersonating IT support, and the use of absolutely legitimate, everyday software.

The goal seems to be persistent access, possibly in preparation of a subsequent malware or ransomware infection.

How the attack plays out

In its report, Arctic Wolf said it observed the same pattern in more than 400 cases. It starts with the victim - an employee in the target company - receiving hundreds, possibly thousands of spam emails in a very short timeframe, so their inbox gets absolutely flooded with junk, burying any and all meaningful, valuable emails under a mountain of trash.

A few moments later, that same person gets a Teams message from a user that, by all accounts, looks legitimate: their name clearly states “IT Service Desk”, and sometimes even has a first name next to it (something along the lines of Liam, Ethan, or Scott). They tell the victim they’ve been made aware of the problems they’re having with their email (as the IT department should) and offer a solution.

To solve the problem, they need hands-on access to the victim’s keyboard, usually through a legitimate remote monitoring and management tool like AnyDesk or ScreenConnect.

Obviously, this is all a ruse to get the victim to hand over access to their device. The same entity sent both the spam emails and the Teams messages. Sometimes, they even call the victim through Teams, rather than send a message - to make the entire ordeal even more believable.

Arctic Wolf says the key enabler of the whole scheme is the fact that Microsoft Teams ships with external access (federation) turned on by default. That means that, unless the actual IT team changed the default settings in Teams, every employee can receive messages from anyone else with a Microsoft 365 account, even if they belong to an entirely different tenant (dedicated environment within Microsoft's cloud services). Unfortunately, this is not a bug, it’s an entirely legitimate feature that threat actors happily exploit:

“This is the feature attackers most frequently abuse,” Arctic Wolf says. “This activity does not exploit any known Teams vulnerability; it abuses a legitimate, default-on collaboration capability.”

Lock down your Teams

To make matters worse, when they ask for hands-on access, they don’t ask the victim to install any special software. In most cases, they just ask them to bring up Quick Assist, a tool that’s built directly into Windows, signed by Microsoft, and thus requires no installation. All victims need to do is send over a six-digit code and they’ve handed over the keys to the kingdom.

What happens after that is anyone’s guess. The researchers saw the attackers then installing a commercial RMM tool such as AnyDesk or ScreenConnect to gain a separate control channel, and make sure they retain access even if the Quick Assist one is revoked. They would then map out the target IT network and do as much reconnaissance as possible, likely in preparation of a ransomware or malware attack.

Defending against these kinds of attacks starts with locking the proverbial doors on Teams. “Most organizations have no legitimate need for open, any-tenant external chat,” Arctic Wolf says. “Per Microsoft’s guidance in Manage external meetings and chat with people and organizations using Microsoft identities, move from “allow all” to an allow-list of trusted organizations.”

The second crucial step is educating the employees. Everyone should be made aware of the fact that just because a message came from Teams, it doesn’t mean it’s legitimate. Same goes for an audio call, or an email.

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Microsoft and others scramble to patch 'HTTP2Shell' flaw which could be the next PHP-level issue — Node.js problem may also affect millions of sites

• A critical Brotli compression flaw, dubbed HTTP2Shell, could enable memory corruption and remote code execution
• The vulnerability affects widely used software including Node.js, Python packages, and .NET applications
• Vendors released patches, and administrators are urged to update immediately despite no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation

Multiple tech companies and projects have recently pushed patches for a vulnerability called “HTTP2Shell” which could enable remote code execution (RCE) attacks, similar to the recent “PHP2Shell” vulnerabilities.

HTTP2Shell was found in Brotli, a Google-built open source data compression algorithm that reduces file sizes without losing information, thus achieving faster transmission times while using less bandwidth.

It is a popular algorithm used on the web to compress HTTP responses such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and is supported by most web browsers, servers, and software libraries.

Fixes and patches

The bug itself is described as an out-of-bounds write flaw, and is also dubbed Node2Shell, and Broccoli2Shell. It is tracked as CVE-2026-111497, and was given a severity score of 9.2/10 (critical). According to the National Vulnerability Database, the bug causes a buffer overflow which could lead to memory disclosure, denial of service and, in some cases, even remote code execution.

Brotli can be found in all sorts of software, all of which is now at risk. That includes Node.js, brotlicffi, HTTP clients such as Requests, urllib3, httpx and aiohttp, but also other apps that use Brotli decoders such as Bun and Envoy deployments.

Google fixed the bug on October 21 2026, by releasing Brotli versions 1.0.10, 1.1.1, and 1.2.1. However, there are other software that either bundle or use vulnerable Brotli versions, so updating Google’s library alone may not protect every application.

Over the last weekend, Microsoft released an emergency update to sort the bug in .NET, saying successful exploitation could lead to privilege escalation.

Since it also bundles the Brodli decoder, Node.js released its patch on October 21, too. “An invalid block switch was reported as a temporary need for more input instead of a permanent format error, so the streaming decoder kept appending input bytes to an eight-byte internal buffer,” the organization explained. “An attacker who can supply Brotli data that an application decompresses with node:zlib can corrupt process memory, which can lead to a crash, disclosure of process memory, or remote code execution.”

The vulnerability was said to be affecting Node.js 26.x, 24.x, and 22.x.

BleepingComputer reports that PyPI packages containing the fixes became available two days later, on October 23.

Here is a detailed list of patched versions:

Google Brotli 1.0.10, 1.1.1, 1.2.1

Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1, 26.12.1

Python Brotli 1.2.1

Python brotlicffi 1.2.1.0

Dedicated website

At the same time, someone set up a dedicated website, Broccoli2Shell.com, which describes the issue, tracks vulnerable versions, and reports on attempted exploits in the wild. On the site, it is said that proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits for the bug already exist, but reports of malicious exploitation in the wild are yet to be seen.

“A public proof of concept appeared on GitHub on 2026-10-22,” the site reads. “It reportedly reaches code execution only on a deliberately weakened build. On standard builds it causes a crash and a limited memory read.”

System administrators are advised to apply the provided patches as soon as possible; restart affected processes and rebuild and redeploy affected container images.

Those that cannot do that immediately can somewhat mitigate the risks. Python users should uninstall the vulnerable Brotli and brotlicffi packages and remove optional dependencies such as httpx[brotli].

Admins can also configure proxies, load balancers or web application firewalls (WAF) to reject incoming requests containing Brotli-compressed bodies. It’s worth mentioning that this doesn’t protect apps that download and decompress malicious HTTP responses.

Node.js has no complete workaround, it was said.

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Windows 11's internet speed test is getting a divorce from Bing, thankfully

• Windows 11's internet speed test currently redirects to a Bing search to facilitate the test
• This is clunky to say the least — and an annoying piece of Bing promotion — but now Microsoft is changing things
• In a new preview build the speed test is fully integrated into Windows 11 — as it should have been in the first place

Microsoft has thought better of one of the methods it was using to push Bing in Windows 11 — via an internet speed test — and we can but hope that maybe it's seeing sense from a broader perspective about such promotional trickery.

Windows Central reports that, in a recent preview release for Windows 11 (build 26340.9767), Microsoft has applied some changes to the Quick Settings panel (accessed via the taskbar).

In the release notes, Microsoft says: "We're making it faster and easier to check the performance of your internet connection in Windows. Windows Insiders can now run an internet speed test and see the results directly in Quick Settings, without being redirected to a browser."

As it stands, when using this feature it simply opens an online speed test in your default browser — but it's in the Bing search page (giving Microsoft some web traffic, of course). With this change it's actually a native speed test that works in Windows 11, as it should always have been in the first place.

You can start the new speed test from Quick Settings, or access it by right-clicking on the network icon in the system tray on the right of the taskbar.

Note that this is just in testing for now, and it's still at an early stage (the Experimental channel), but it should eventually come to all Windows 11 users.

Analysis: fixing Windows 11 includes getting rid of this kind of nonsense

(Image credit: Unsplash / Windows)

It's useful to have a built-in speed test right in the OS for those occasions when you're curious to learn what kind of online speeds you're getting — maybe you're streaming a video and it's buffering or glitching, and you're wondering if that's the fault of the service, or whether your internet connection has hit a rocky patch.

However, it's hardly convenient to be redirected to a web browser to have that test conducted.

Microsoft says of this change: "This updated experience builds on the internet speed test we previously introduced for Windows Insiders, bringing the test and its results directly into Windows."

Which makes it sound like the current implementation was always just a stopgap or a temporary stepping stone, but let's be honest about this: we all know it was another way that Microsoft was trying to push traffic to Bing.

It's far from the only time that Microsoft has tried this kind of trick, and most recently, we've witnessed the Bing Wallpaper app once again crowbarring in Bing searches for people who merely click on a blank part of their desktop (see the further explanation of that incident here).

No, the Bing Wallpaper client isn't part of Windows 11 by default, but it's nonetheless a piece of Microsoft software, and it demonstrates that the company's attitude is still leaning towards exploring annoying ways of promoting its own services — this is another great example — at the cost of the user.

As one Redditor observed of the current Bing-laden internet speed test in Windows 11: "This is the kind of stuff that pushed me to Linux. Overall it wasn't too bad, but Linux (Fedora in my case) feels like a breath of fresh air."

All of these kinds of practices need to end, and at least this fresh move in testing is a hopeful sign that Microsoft is finally realizing this, given that it's battling to fix Windows 11 and change public sentiment around its desktop operating system this year — needless Bing promotion certainly won't help that cause.

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NYT Connections hints and answers for Tuesday, October 27 (game #1234)

Looking for a different day?

A new NYT Connections puzzle appears at midnight each day for your time zone – which means that some people are always playing 'today's game' while others are playing 'yesterday's'. If you're looking for Monday's puzzle instead then click here: NYT Connections hints and answers for Monday, October 26 (game #1233).

Good morning! Let's play Connections, the NYT's clever word game that challenges you to group answers in various categories. It can be tough, so read on if you need Connections hints.

What should you do once you've finished? Why, play some more word games of course. I've also got daily Strands hints and answers and Quordle hints and answers articles if you need help for those too, while Marc's Wordle today page covers the original viral word game.

SPOILER WARNING: Information about NYT Connections today is below, so don't read on if you don't want to know the answers.

NYT Connections today (game #1234) - today's words

(Image credit: New York Times)

Today's NYT Connections words are…

• TACO
• PEPPER
• DRUM
• JAR
• TINKER
• TOWER
• FIDDLE
• JINGLE
• LIBERTY
• CANAL
• TRIFLE
• DIVING
• ANVIL
• BOTTOMS
• STIRRUP
• MEDDLE

NYT Connections today (game #1234) - hint #1 - group hints

What are some clues for today's NYT Connections groups?

• YELLOW: Fidget with an object
• GREEN: Aural anatomy
• BLUE: End with a thing you ring
• PURPLE: Start with a thing you ring

Need more clues?

We're firmly in spoiler territory now, but read on if you want to know what the four theme answers are for today's NYT Connections puzzles…

NYT Connections today (game #1234) - hint #2 - group answers

What are the answers for today's NYT Connections groups?

• YELLOW: MESS (WITH)
• GREEN: PARTS OF THE EAR
• BLUE: _____BELL
• PURPLE: BELL_____

Right, the answers are below, so DO NOT SCROLL ANY FURTHER IF YOU DON'T WANT TO SEE THEM.

NYT Connections today (game #1234) - the answers

(Image credit: New York Times)

The answers to today's Connections, game #1234, are…

• YELLOW: MESS (WITH): FIDDLE, MEDDLE, TINKER, TRIFLE
• GREEN: PARTS OF THE EAR: ANVIL, CANAL, DRUM, STIRRUP
• BLUE: _____BELL: DIVING, JINGLE, LIBERTY, TACO
• PURPLE: BELL_____: BOTTOMS, JAR, PEPPER, TOWER

• My rating: Hard
• My score: 3 mistakes

When I am on a mission with a Connections group I find it hard to stop myself until I’ve finally got it.

It took me four guesses to get the four tiles that made up ______BELL, because I kept including TINKER — a situation that could have been easily resolved if I’d spent some time looking at the connections that didn’t involve bells.

Annoying, but on a more positive note landing the four tiles that began with BELL won me a Purple First.

Yesterday's NYT Connections answers (Monday, October 26, 2026, game #1233)

• YELLOW: RESPONSES TO "HOW ARE YOU?": CHILLING, MANAGING, NOT BAD, SAME OLD
• GREEN: KINDS OF MATS: PRAYER, WELCOME, WRESTLING, YOGA
• BLUE: AKC DOG BREED GROUPS: HERDING, HOUND, SPORTING, TOY
• PURPLE: HORROR MOVIES WITH LAST LETTER CHANGED: HALLOWEEK, HOSTED, JAWN, PSYCHS

What is NYT Connections?

NYT Connections is one of several increasingly popular word games made by the New York Times. It challenges you to find groups of four items that share something in common, and each group has a different difficulty level: green is easy, yellow a little harder, blue often quite tough and purple usually very difficult.

On the plus side, you don't technically need to solve the final one, as you'll be able to answer that one by a process of elimination. What's more, you can make up to four mistakes, which gives you a little bit of breathing room.

It's a little more involved than something like Wordle, however, and there are plenty of opportunities for the game to trip you up with tricks. For instance, watch out for homophones and other word games that could disguise the answers.

It's playable for free via the NYT Games site on desktop or mobile.

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NYT Strands hints and answers for Monday, October 26 (game #967)

Looking for a different day?

A new NYT Strands puzzle appears at midnight each day for your time zone – which means that some people are always playing 'today's game' while others are playing 'yesterday's'. If you're looking for Sunday's puzzle instead then click here: NYT Strands hints and answers for Sunday, October 25 (game #966).

Strands is the NYT's latest word game after the likes of Wordle, Spelling Bee and Connections – and it's great fun. It can be difficult, though, so read on for my Strands hints.

Want more word-based fun? Then check out my NYT Connections today and Quordle today pages for hints and answers for those games, and Marc's Wordle today page for the original viral word game.

SPOILER WARNING: Information about NYT Strands today is below, so don't read on if you don't want to know the answers.

NYT Strands today (game #967) - hint #1 - today's theme

What is the theme of today's NYT Strands?

• Today's NYT Strands theme is… Please, be my guest!

NYT Strands today (game #967) - hint #2 - clue words

Play any of these words to unlock the in-game hints system.

• POSH
• VITALITY
• HONEST
• COVE
• VINE
• THERE

NYT Strands today (game #967) - hint #3 - spangram letters

How many letters are in today's spangram?

• Spangram has 11 letters

NYT Strands today (game #967) - hint #4 - spangram position

What are two sides of the board that today's spangram touches?

• First side: top, 4th column

• Last side: bottom, 1st column

Right, the answers are below, so DO NOT SCROLL ANY FURTHER IF YOU DON'T WANT TO SEE THEM.

NYT Strands today (game #967) - the answers

(Image credit: New York Times)

The answers to today's Strands, game #967, are…

• WELCOME
• HOST
• MEET
• INVITE
• RECEIVE
• ENTERTAIN
• SPANGRAM: HOSPITALITY

• My rating: Hard
• My score: 1 hint

My head was absolutely not in the game (as they used to say in High School Musical) today.

I say this just in case I have made an easy game far more difficult than it was. I think I lost heart after thinking I’d found a spangram with welcomehome, and getting really disappointed when WELCOME was just a regular game word.

Even with this vital piece of information about the type of words we were looking for (my first thought when I saw today’s theme was the song Be Our Guest from Beauty and the Beast) I still needed a hint to kick me onwards.

Yesterday's NYT Strands answers (Sunday, October 25, game #966)

• SCAFFOLDING
• FRAMEWORK
• STRUCTURE
• SKELETON
• SPANGRAM: FOUNDATIONS

What is NYT Strands?

Strands is the NYT's not-so-new-any-more word game, following Wordle and Connections. It's now a fully fledged member of the NYT's games stable that has been running for a year and which can be played on the NYT Games site on desktop or mobile.

I've got a full guide to how to play NYT Strands, complete with tips for solving it, so check that out if you're struggling to beat it each day.

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FBI tip line and veterans crisis site among 350 federal web addresses exposing visitors to network spies, senator warns

• Sen. Ron Wyden wants CISA and OMB to require Encrypted Client Hello on federal websites and make it a federal contract condition
• His list of 350 CDN-hosted addresses without ECH includes the FBI tip portal, the VA's crisis line, and hotlines for whistleblowers and civil rights complaints
• ECH hides site names only alongside encrypted DNS, does nothing for server breaches, and is already blocked in Russia, where some listed embassy pages are aimed

US Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) wants the federal government to turn on a privacy feature that major web browsers have supported for three years, warning that hundreds of agency web addresses still broadcast the name of the site each visitor uses to anyone watching the network along the way.

In a letter to CISA acting director Nick Andersen and deputy federal chief information officer Thomas Flagg, Wyden asked the two agencies to require Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) across federal websites and to make ECH support a condition for cloud and network vendors seeking federal contracts.

The letter attaches a list of 350 executive branch web addresses that use content delivery networks (CDNs) but do not use ECH, while requesting an unclassified response and action plan by November 20 2026.

The one thing HTTPS leaves in the open is the gap being addressed here

Almost every federal site now encrypts the pages people read and the forms they submit. Standard HTTPS does not hide the hostname. When a browser opens a secure connection, it announces the site it wants in a field called Server Name Indication, in plain text, before encryption begins.

An internet provider, a hostile Wi-Fi network, or a compromised telecom carrier can therefore log that a connection went to tips.fbi.gov without reading a word of the tip itself.

ECH encrypts that part of the handshake. It works best behind a large CDN, where thousands of unrelated sites share the same front door. Cloudflare's implementation, for example, presents every ECH-protected site to the network under one shared name, so an observer can tell a visitor is reaching a Cloudflare-hosted site, but not which one.

Wyden's letter singles out two services. The Department of Veterans Affairs' online suicide prevention service at veteranscrisisline.net is hosted on Amazon Web Services, which the letter says does not currently support ECH. The FBI's tip portal at tips.fbi.gov runs on Cloudflare, which does, but the bureau has not turned it on yet, as Wyden noted, stating: "For the federal domains using a CDN provider with ECH support, such as Cloudflare, turning on domain protection merely requires a configuration update."

191 of the 350 addresses, or 54.6%, are diplomatic: 174 embassy sites, three consulates, and 14 missions, mostly to international bodies such as NATO and the UN. Another 53 are subdomains of bie.edu, the Bureau of Indian Education's domain, which appear to be individual school sites. A further 12 are test, training, or staging hosts, including several user acceptance testing subdomains for Education Department debt services.

That leaves 94 addresses outside those groups, and the most troubling entries sit there; they include the DHS inspector general's complaint hotline, the Justice Department's civil rights reporting portal, the intelligence community's job application site, a USCIS tip form, the State Department's Rewards for Justice site, an NIH alcohol treatment navigator, a CDC doxy-PEP site, several federal HIV information sites, and ICE's detainee locator.

Cloudflare's documentation says ECH is enabled by default on Free zones, while customers on other plans must switch it on themselves. That fits the spokesperson's finding: a paying government customer has to opt in. For the FBI, the fix really is a setting.

For the VA, it is not. If Amazon's CDN does not offer ECH, the agency would need to change providers or wait. This is where Wyden's second request, making ECH support a condition of federal contracts, gets complicated.

A procurement rule written today would, in practice, favor a very small pool of providers until others catch up. That may be the intent, since it pressures Amazon and its rivals, but it may be as much a market lever as a security fix, at least in the short term.

ECH does have its limitations, however: the protocol's own specification warns that the destination can still leak through plaintext DNS lookups or the server's IP address. Google made the same point when Android 17 added system-wide ECH in August, saying the feature works "in tandem with private DNS to obscure the domain names you visit."

To reiterate, agencies can enable ECH on their side, but they cannot make a veteran on home broadband use encrypted DNS, therefore leaving the door open to exploitation by someone snooping on the network.

A bigger problem is also international coverage. Many of the highlighted URLs are embassies such as ru.usembassy.gov, by.usembassy.gov, cn.usembassy.gov, and ir.usembassy.gov, all of which arguably have users connecting from relatively hostile networks.

Russia has been blocking Cloudflare's ECH since November 2024, with regulator Roskomnadzor declaring at the time that using it violates Russian law. Russian providers block connections that carry both an ECH extension and Cloudflare's shared outer name, which left Cloudflare customers there choosing between disabling ECH and moving to a domestic CDN.

For an embassy page, enabling ECH could mean trading a visible hostname for an unreachable site in the country where the hostname matters most, making it a difficult tradeoff with only one real solution: skipping ECH for now.

None of this is new territory for Wyden. In October 2018, he wrote to DHS's Chris Krebs urging agencies to adopt encrypted DNS and Encrypted SNI, ECH's predecessor, and asking DHS to work with GSA on making ESNI a condition for CDN vendors selling to the government.

He called that "the next logical step" after DHS's 2017 HTTPS directive, BOD 18-01. The 2026 letter cites the same directive and describes its requests as "the next logical steps." His record on these letters is mixed rather than hopeless. A 2018 HTTPS letter to the Pentagon was followed by a Defense Department plan to secure its websites.

The client side is ready: most major browsers have supported ECH since October 2023, per the letter, and Android 17 now applies it system-wide. The FBI fix is cheap and overdue. But ECH narrows what a passive eavesdropper learns rather than making a visit invisible, and whether this request outlasts the last one may depend less on CISA and OMB than on whether Amazon and others join Cloudflare.

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How to turn your Canon camera's images into 3D objects and videos with Canon's free DP3D software

Canon recently unveiled its new Dual Pixel 3D, or DP3D for short — an image generation technology making use of Canon’s proprietary Dual Pixel AF technology. The new technology piggybacks off Canon’s proprietary Dual Pixel AF technology found in many of its EOS mirrorless cameras, which splits each pixel on the camera sensor into two separate light-sensitive photodiodes.

This tech has delivered reliable and snappy autofocus in recent years — if the two images on each photodiode line up perfectly, the image is in focus, if they don’t line up then the camera knows which direction to move the autofocus motor to rapidly lock on.

Canon's proprietary Dual Pixel AF technology means each pixel is made up of two photodiodes - the technology is now being used to create 3D photos and video (Image credit: Canon)

The new Dual Pixel 3D feature can be used to create immersive three-dimensional images via Canon’s new Dual Pixel 3D Converter app which was released in October.

While launched in tandem with the hotly-anticipated Canon EOS R8 Mark II on September 16 — a full-frame which makes use of the new feature — it’s good news for owners like myself of any Canon EOS mirrorless camera with Dual Pixel AF, stretching back to older generation models such as the EOS R5 and EOS R6 Mark II, which will be able to benefit without a firmware update (although updating the firmware is always a good idea to stay up date with the latest features and bug fixes).

I downloaded the Canon Dual Pixel 3D Converter app to put it through its paces — here’s everything you need to know to get started…

How to take photos for Canon DP3D

To begin, you’ll need a Canon EOS camera with Dual Pixel AF. It’s safe to say if you own one of Canon’s interchangeable lens mirrorless cameras in recent years, then your camera will likely feature Dual Pixel AF and be able to make use of this new tech.

This is great news for users of older Canon mirrorless cameras like myself as my older EOS R5 and previous generation Canon EOS R6 Mark II will still be able to make full use of this brand-new technology.

Your camera will, however, also need to be paired with one of the compatible Canon RF lenses. The list goes beyond specialist Canon RF 5.2mm F2.8L Dual Fisheye or RF-S 3.9mm F3.5 Dual Fisheye, but it is a little limited and also won't currently work with older EF or EF-S glass. We published a full list of compatible Canon cameras and lenses that you can use to enjoy this new technology when it was first announced.

Most modern Canon cameras, such as the EOS R6 Mark II pictured, will be able to produce the Dual Pixel RAW files needed to create the 3D results in DP3D (Image credit: Future)

Canon says, “Specific shooting conditions and techniques are necessary to generate accurate depth information to eliminate blind spots, allow for the required depth of field, subject and background separation, subject depth and surface texture.”

In my experience the software works best when your subject is taken on a clean background (no bokeh) and without too many blind spots which make it harder for the software to create its 3D effect.

You also want an object that’s relatively flat with not too much depth; little bumps are fine such as small pieces of fruit on a tart, but large peaks in depth will cause more significant issues and make the effect much more noticeable and fake-looking.

Two of the compatible lenses Canon lists are the Canon RF 100mm f2.8L Macro IS USM and Canon RF 35mm f1.8 IS Macro STM, both of which are macro lenses. Yet, when I shot with both of these I later got an alert in DP3D warning me for shooting too close to my subject! The result still turned out fine, though.

(Image credit: Canon)

To use the new software you’ll need to make sure you’re shooting not only in the RAW format, but Canon's Dual Pixel RAW (see above). This setting was found in the very first camera menu on my Canon EOS R6 Mark II.

Note that shooting Dual Pixel RAW will produce files roughly twice the size, take longer to write to your memory card, and can't be taken when using the electronic shutter.

Alongside 3D, Dual Pixel RAW can be useful for correcting minor parallax error, shifting bokeh or focus and reducing flare, but if you don't intend to utilize these capabilities within Canon's DPP, I would suggest turning it off when you don't need it to avoid compromizing the camera's performance.

Make sure your subject and focal point are in focus and that your shutter speed is fast enough to shoot handheld – if you’re in doubt shoot on a tripod. You’ll also want to make sure your exposure is correct so that the image isn’t too bright or dark. Canon recommends you don’t close the aperture down past f/5.6 and also keep the camera's sensitivity under ISO 1600 – a warning sign will be displayed on your image when you import it into DP3D otherwise and you won’t get optimal 3D results.

Installing the Canon DP3D app on Windows 11

With the image taken it’s time to open up the new Canon Dual Pixel 3D Converter app, which is currently only available for Windows PC running the latest Windows 11 operating system. Read our guide on How to plan a smooth Windows 10 to Windows 11 migration.

Canon also added “The application will initially be available free of charge”, though specifications and terms of use may change in the future – in other words, it’s initially free but you might need to pay to use it in the future.

(Image credit: Dan Mold)

When you're up and running with Windows 11 you’ll be able to run the installation wizard which can be downloaded from Canon’s site. Make sure that once downloaded you extract the ZIP file and then double-click the DP3dInstaller-W1.0.0.13.exe file from the unzipped folder to begin the installation.

Dan Mold

Dan Mold

Now you’ll need to choose which area you live in - you have the options: USA, Canada, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia and Oceania. In the following screen you can choose the country you live in and also select your language. Once you’ve ticked the box to accept the license agreement you can hit next which takes you to the final setup screen, click Install here.

It’s also worth noting at the bottom of the same Canon site, you can download five sample images made up of a mix of food and flowers which you can play around with if you are yet to shoot with Dual Pixel RAW enabled, or perhaps you don’t own a Canon EOS mirrorless camera and what to see what all the fuss is about. Note, the sample files are downloaded as a DP3D _Sample.zip file and you’ll need to extract these files by right-clicking on the folder and choosing Extract before you can use these images in DP3D.

Creating 3D images in the DP3D app

The DP3D app allows users to fine-tune the degree of depth, making a more pronounced 3D effect or a more subtle ‘flat’ appearance. The technology also makes it easy to isolate your subject and remove or replace the background before outputting a 3D model or stereoscopic photo.

(Image credit: Dan Mold)

Dual Pixel RAW files and supported Canon EOS R8 Mark II JPEGs contain depth information derived from the slightly different views captured by the two photodiodes on each pixel. Using proprietary algorithms, Canon converts this phase-difference information into 3D shape data, which is combined with high-quality image data captured by selected EOS cameras as surface textures to create realistic and detailed 3D models.

Once you’ve loaded up DP3D you’ll need to click the folder icon at the top of the main window and then navigate to the folder where you’ve saved your Dual Pixel RAW files.

(Image credit: Dan Mold)

You have two main options – either create a 3D model which you can edit further in a 3D editor such as Blender, or you can create a Preview which creates a very short video with limited options, essentially doing a basic pan from left to right to show off the 3D depth effect. You also have options here to change the background, add a foreground and frame. You can also choose the quality of the video when you click Export Preview. Here you can also set the quality to High, Medium or Low quality (18, 8 or 4 Mbps), choose your own filename and where you want to save the video.

However, I found those options rather limiting within DP3D so I would instead click Export 3D Model where you’ll have the choice between OBJ and GLB files to edit further in your 3D editor of choice. You can also use Windows 3D viewer and even Preview on Mac to play around with these 3D files and explore the different angles produced by DP3D.

(Image credit: Dan Mold)

With the 3D file created you can use a program such as Windows 3D Viewer or Blender, which is free to download. In a program such as either of these options you’ll have way more options than DP3D for changing the angle, rotation and lighting, which is great for exporting still images. For videos, you’ll also be able to change the direction and duration of pans so you can get it looking perfect for what you need.

Conclusion

After playing around with DP3D for some time and with various pictures and subject matter, I think it’s fun and interesting that Canon has released it for free - after all, additional functionality to the cameras which we already own is certainly welcome.

However, the results have limited uses and more often than not look quite poor. Are there situations where somebody might need to get a little 3D animation from a 2D image? Sure — marketeers looking to animate food or product shots for videos and reels seems like a perfectly adequate use for Canon's new DP3D tech.

While it’s admirable that Canon is trying to squeeze the most out of the pixels taken in-camera, this is one of those situations where I sadly think AI can probably do it better.

Canon is trying to stretch and manipulate the pixels already there, whereas AI can create brand new pixels and frames based on what it thinks should be there, and that’s likely to create smoother results with fewer artefacts. For still images, the Rotate Object feature found in Photoshop Beta is likely to produce better results and is glimpse of what lies ahead in our editing futures.

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NYT Strands hints and answers for Sunday, October 25 (game #966)

Looking for a different day?

A new NYT Strands puzzle appears at midnight each day for your time zone – which means that some people are always playing 'today's game' while others are playing 'yesterday's'. If you're looking for Saturday's puzzle instead then click here: NYT Strands hints and answers for Saturday, October 24 (game #965).

Strands is the NYT's latest word game after the likes of Wordle, Spelling Bee and Connections – and it's great fun. It can be difficult, though, so read on for my Strands hints.

Want more word-based fun? Then check out my NYT Connections today and Quordle today pages for hints and answers for those games, and Marc's Wordle today page for the original viral word game.

SPOILER WARNING: Information about NYT Strands today is below, so don't read on if you don't want to know the answers.

NYT Strands today (game #966) - hint #1 - today's theme

What is the theme of today's NYT Strands?

• Today's NYT Strands theme is… Something to build on

NYT Strands today (game #966) - hint #2 - clue words

Play any of these words to unlock the in-game hints system.

• KNOT
• STEEL
• WORK
• DRAW
• SUNK
• SLEET
• LARD

NYT Strands today (game #966) - hint #3 - spangram letters

How many letters are in today's spangram?

• Spangram has 11 letters

NYT Strands today (game #966) - hint #4 - spangram position

What are two sides of the board that today's spangram touches?

• First side: bottom, 5th column

• Last side: bottom, 1st column

Right, the answers are below, so DO NOT SCROLL ANY FURTHER IF YOU DON'T WANT TO SEE THEM.

NYT Strands today (game #966) - the answers

(Image credit: New York Times)

The answers to today's Strands, game #966, are…

• SCAFFOLDING
• FRAMEWORK
• STRUCTURE
• SKELETON
• SPANGRAM: FOUNDATIONS

• My rating: Easy
• My score: Perfect

I decided to take the theme literally and went hunting for FOUNDATIONS, which I was delighted to spot as a rare right-to-left, bottom-to-bottom spangram towering impressively across the board.

This was my 113th Spangram First.

From here, SCAFFOLDING was the only other construction word I knew — but I was able to build on my confident start with some easily spottable words.

Yesterday's NYT Strands answers (Saturday, October 24, game #965)

• BASKET
• WASHER
• SINK
• RACK
• DETERGENT
• IRON
• SPANGRAM: LAUNDRYDAY

What is NYT Strands?

Strands is the NYT's not-so-new-any-more word game, following Wordle and Connections. It's now a fully fledged member of the NYT's games stable that has been running for a year and which can be played on the NYT Games site on desktop or mobile.

I've got a full guide to how to play NYT Strands, complete with tips for solving it, so check that out if you're struggling to beat it each day.

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This AI tool can now turn ordinary household photos into location clues — so could law forces use the technology to scope out your home?

• An AI tool called Raven can cross-reference fixtures, fittings, and other interior details to find the location of a property
• It pinpoints properties using data scraped from Airbnb and other sites
• Raven was previously known as GeoSpy and was initially conceived to identify locations based on landmarks

A new AI tool that can identify a property’s location using interior photos has been publicized online. Already in use by law enforcement agencies in Florida and California, Raven uses AI to match fixtures and fittings and decorative elements from photos with information sourced online.

Following the publication of a video demonstrating the software, Raven has attracted attention from some of the websites it apparently uses to acquire the information it uses. The sites – which include Airbnb – seem to have concerns about how the data and images they collect is being used.

Raven’s existence could potentially be used to find the location of any property – assuming that its address and similar images already exist online.

Innocent? Your home is safe

Raven has been used by the LAPD and the Miami-Dade Sheriff's Office in Florida. Its main purpose so far has been in tackling human trafficking, but the software represents obvious privacy challenges which its creators seem to be sidestepping at this stage.

The most important takeaway is that as long as your home (or business premises) hasn’t been used for criminal activities and photos of its interior aren’t online, then you have nothing to worry about.

Daniel Heinen of Raven developers Graylark described the product as “purpose-built AI for the people working to find answers and protect lives.”

However, some of the websites that Raven uses to gather information have expressed concern. The video of Raven in action appears to show the software using both Zillow, Vrbo, and Airbnb, with the latter reviewing the situation. Zillow stated scraping its data was against its ToS.

These issues could prove to be a challenge to the successful use of Raven across a wider area.

Matching interiors

Raven essentially breaches privacy by providing the location of an interior photo. Assuming a similar photo of the same interior exists online with an address attached – such as on Airbnb or a property site – then Raven should be able to identify it.

Heinen doesn’t mention the privacy challenges in his LinkedIn post about Raven, instead focusing on the software’s “ability to geolocate interior images across millions of short-term rental units worldwide.”

While highlighting the use of short-term rentals for human trafficking, the post focuses on Raven’s USP: “For investigators, a photo or video from inside a property may be a critical lead, but without an address or location tag, knowing where to start can be difficult. Raven helps investigators match interior imagery to potential properties, turning visual clues into location leads they can review and verify.”

It would seem likely that for Raven to be embraced successfully by other police departments in the US and beyond, it would need to accept regional privacy laws and build partnerships with the companies it appears to be scraping.

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'At some point we did have a small rhythm game, but it didn't exactly match the feeling that you're promoting a show' — Stranger Than Heaven director says the showbiz system was 'a real challenge' and inspired by musicians with an 'antenna' for music

• Stranger Than Heaven director Mikinobu Abe says the game's Showbiz system was "a real challenge" for RGG Studio
• Abe says lots of research was put into finding out what a show promoter does and how to depict that in-game
• Abe adds that "At some point we did have a small rhythm game," but the idea didn't match the team's vision

Stranger Than Heaven director Mikinobu Abe has revealed how RGG Studio designed the game's Showbiz narrative system and how difficult it was to get right.

In an interview with TechRadar Gaming, Abe said the Showbiz, an entertainment management system requiring the main character, Makoto Daito, to build a business, find sources of inspiration for music, and plan productions as a promoter, "was a real challenge for us."

The director explained that RGG started by asking: what does a promoter actually do? Because "you know what a singer does, and you know what a band does, but you don't exactly know what a promoter does in the music industry," so research began from there.

Abe revealed that "At some point we did have a small rhythm game, but it didn't exactly match the feeling that you're promoting a show," so the team went back to the whiteboard phase to try different things.

"One thing that we noticed is that a promoter is the person who brings in not just the money, but also the inspiration and the whole vision of the show," Abe said. "We thought that's an interesting aspect that we can put into this game."

In Stranger Than Heaven, players can walk around cities and interact with things in the environment, like a grandfather clock or a bonfire, and collect sounds as inspiration for music. Daito can then take these samples and collaborate with a composer to create new music and plan a production for the singer and band.

"The inspiration sources are basically like when you have a certain job, you always have these antennas looking for something," Abe said. "So, if you're a musician, you always have this antenna for the music you're hearing, and that can inspire people to create new stuff, and that was no different for Makoto as well.

Abe added, "That's why this game system of finding and then using that inspiration to create music came to life in the game."

Stranger Than Heaven releases on January 15, 2027, for PS5, Xbox Series X and Series S, and PC.

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Is the GPU crisis down to real shortages, or is it market manipulation?

• A new report claims that Amazon is buying up more AI GPU racks than it can deploy in data centers
• An analyst links this report to Nvidia's GeForce GPU supply woes, theorizing that there's a connection
• The contention is that Nvidia is deliberately 'channel stuffing' or in other words, pushing an excess of AI GPUs to the detriment of gaming GPU chips

Nvidia's supply issues with its gaming GPUs are seemingly the result of a strategy to get AI giants to stock up on more graphics chips than they can handle, if fresh reports are to be believed.

You can't have failed to notice the stock issues around Nvidia's GeForce GPUs, and the spike in prices that has happened over the past few months, particularly for higher-end graphics cards.

Well, according to the musings of tech pundit and analyst Ed Zitron (via RespawnFirst) — who picked up on a report by Business Insider — the consumer GPU shortage is a direct result of Nvidia pushing AI graphics cards on the likes of Amazon.

Business Insider informs us that Amazon (or rather AWS) is buying more Nvidia GPUs than it can deploy. Apparently, racks of the AI graphics cards are being kept unused in holding warehouses until there's power available at the data centers where they'll be used (electricity capacity, not space, is the issue here).

Amazon is paying out huge sums for these GB300 racks from Nvidia, and according to an internal email that Business Insider got hold of, a new 'Early Rack Receipt' process (buying these GPUs upfront, before they're installed) saw some $5 billion worth of server racks paid for in August 2026. Seemingly $3 billion more are on order every month for the "foreseeable future" going by another email.

We're told one AWS team didn't have a "clear forecasted path" for getting the purchased racks installed — in other words, they're not even sure when these GPUs might be used.

Zitron's argument is based on a key phrase in the Business Insider report, where the author states that the reason for the switch in policy — Amazon only used to pay for racks when they were installed in a data center — is that "Amazon has to compete more for scarce resources as it jockeys with rivals for access to Nvidia GPUs and other AI components."

The conclusion Zitron draws is that this is basically indicating that Nvidia is making Amazon, and others buying up AI GPUs, compete with each other by agreeing to order a whole pile of them there and then — more than they possibly need — otherwise they won't get their allocation (presumably).

Analysis: GPU misery is clear enough to see

(Image credit: Shutterstock / aslysun)

In short, these AI GPUs aren't actually needed as such — not by Amazon in this quantity, as per the Business Insider report — but Nvidia is effectively strong-arming the company into buying the chips, or as Zitron puts it, this is "deliberate channel stuffing." Meaning Nvidia is forcing this AI demand artificially to the seeming detriment of GeForce GPUs, with lesser chip supply for those gaming cards causing price inflation and general misery for gamers.

Obviously we need to take this with a good deal of caution — that goes for the initial report from Business Insider, and doubly so with the theorizing that Zitron applies on top of that article.

There's no denying, however, that we have witnessed a frustrating shortage of consumer GPUs, and in particular Nvidia's high-end gaming graphics cards have become painfully thin on the ground — and pricey. The RTX 5090 is either unobtainable, save through third-party marketplace sellers trying to gouge you out of the best part of 10 grand (in the US), or it's hideously expensive to the tune of over £6,000 in the UK, for example.

What's worse is the RTX 5080 is now getting ridiculously pricey too, reaching £1,400 in the UK. And in the US on Newegg, there's now only one model for sale (direct from the retailer) — and it'll set you back $2,000. It's all getting silly, frankly, and with rumors that the RTX 5090 is being discontinued doing the rounds — speculation Nvidia has denied, I should make clear — it's currently a disappointingly gloomy picture for GPUs.

The expectation is that matters are only going to get worse for RAM, SSDs, and GPUs, as next year rolls into town — and that makes all the above theorizing seem a bit more plausible. It's certainly clear that Nvidia's priority is AI GPUs rather than GeForce graphics cards because of the profits involved with AI, but of course, Team Green is a business — so what do we expect? Prioritization is one thing, though, and the levelled accusation of the practice of 'channel stuffing' is entirely another.

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